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1536 · Avignon
by LAWS, PROVENCE
Avignon: Jean de Channey, 1536. Bound with three other volumes of laws of Provence:
II. Ordonnãces Royaulx sur le faict de la Iustice & abbreuiation des proces par tout le Royaulme de France… faictes par le Roy nostre sire, Et publiees en la court de Parlement a Paris, le sixiesme iour du moys de Septembre Lan Mil D.XXXIX… Lyon: [?Pierre de Sainte-Lucie, dit Le Prince for] Thibaud Payen [and François Juste, after 10 August 1539].
III. Sensuyvent les Taux moderatiõs sallaires & emolum [n]s des greffiers du parlement… de Prouence. Avec les villes & chasteaulx de Prouence extraictes par maistre Anthoine Arena. [Lyon: (truncated) Pierre de Sainte-Lucie, called Le Prince and/or Thibaud Payen for] Dominique de Portunaire at Aix-en-Provence, 24 May 1540.
IV. Articles de lestil & instructions nouvellement faictz par la sovveraine Court de Parlement de Provence…… Avec plusieurs arrestz & lettres Royaulx de consequence en faveur de tout le bien public de Prouence. Lyon: [Pierre de Sainte-Lucie, called] Le Prince, for Vas Cavallis at Aix-en-Provence, 18 April 1542. [With:] Arrest par lequel est p[ro]hibe & defendu a tous Prelatz, Chapitres, Prieurs, Vicaires & administrateurs des Eglises de ne faire aulcunes exactions... [Lyon, 1543?].
4 volumes in one, small folio (251 x 171 mm). Bâtarde type (unless otherwise stated below), many woodcut ornamental and historiated initials in various sizes. (Dampstaining at beginning and end, occasional foxing or browning, a few small stains.) Bound in early 17th-century French flexible vellum over printer’s waste, front endleaf with bell watermark, signed P[ierre] Tenon (recorded in documents from Avignon, Nyons and Valence, 1620s and 1630s: cf. Briquet, II: p. 237). Provenance: contemporary signature “Hoteri,” with paraph, on first 3 titles and a few other leaves; contemporary and slightly later marginalia (a few cropped), occasional early underlinings; Helmut N. Friedlaender, bookplate.***
An important and very rare collection of early French laws and statutes, containing most or all of the Provençal laws issued during the reign of François I. Compelling in form as well as content, the book showcases the care lavished on practical Renaissance printing.
This collective volume contains all Provençal laws issued during the reign of François I. The comté of Provence was annexed to France in 1486, but continued to preserve its own separate administrative organization. In laws relating to the county the sovereigns added to their title of King of France that of count of Provence and Forcalquier. By publishing the extant Provençal laws under the royal aegis, while adding a few strategic reforms, François I reinforced his authority without offending local custom. Among his most famous reforms was the ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts (after the town where it was signed, on August 10th 1539), calling for clarity of communication in court, which was to be achieved by forbidding the use of Latin and mandating instead that French be the language of the law. This appears on fol. D3r of the second work, which brings together the most recent royal ordinances, passed since publication of the 1536 collected laws (establishing a terminus post quem for its publication date).
Most of the laws are devoted to the administration of justice: court procedure, charges, fines, and trial law, including regulations for the use of torture (allowed), but some cover the maintenance of roads and tolls, the gendarmerie, the Navy, local militias (legions), measures to prevent hoarding of wheat, and a reformation of the laws of Marseille.
Not only does the volume bring together important documents for the legal history of Provence, but it also sheds light on the book trade network that linked Lyons, Avignon and Aix. The Taux was the first book published in Aix-en-Provence.
Contents:
I. Ordonnances du treschrestien roy de France: Collation: A-T6 . 105, [9] leaves. Title printed in red & black within woodcut border composed of six blocks, woodcut initials in various sizes.
Second edition, first issue. The first edition, which is of the greatest rarity (and was unknown to Baudrier) was printed in Lyon by Denis de Harsy for Antoine Vincent in March 1535/1536. Jean de Channey reissued most of the sheets of the present second edition with a new title, colophon, and a few other sheets, in 1540 (cf. Baudrier X: 303). The Harvard catalogue describes their 1540 copy as having a new title, and leaves 6, 9, 14, 27 and 50 reset, but the colophon is also differently typeset. Channey printed in Lyon from 1505-1510, having married the widow of the printer Jacques Arnoullet, before moving to Avignon in 1511 (cf. Walsby, Booksellers and Printers in Provincial France 575).
Répertoire bibliographique des livres imprimés en France au seizième siècle, 29: 12, 50; Brunet II: 388.
II. Ordonnances Royaulx: Collation: A-G4. [28] leaves. Title in roman type with woodcut of royal arms, within architectural border with armorial shield of François Juste, woodcut initials.
One of several editions printed in various towns during the years 1539-40, probably shared by Thibaud Payen and Pierre de Sainte-Lucie: Baudrier assigned the printing materiel to Pierre de Sainte-Lucie. The printer’s device is that of François Juste.
Baudrier IV: 212-13 and XII: 178; Gültlingen VII:14, 51 (Payen) and VII:177, 36 (P. de Sainte-Lucie); Brunet IV: 216.
III. Taux: Collation: A-D4 E2; V4. [18]; [4] leaves. Title within 4-part woodcut architectural Renaissance border with putti, classical busts, etc., with the same woodcut arms of France as in no. II, and with a woodcut openwork initial S with stork.
First edition, and the first book published in Aix-en-Provence. The three-year royal privilege granted to Dominique de Portunaire, “Libraire habitant de nostre ville Aix,” who published in Lyon in the 1540s, is the only known contemporary source to cite his publishing activities in Aix. Portunaire or Portunariis was “from an Italian family ... that had settled in Lyon at the end of the fifteenth century.” He is recorded in Lyon in 1526, and from 1533 to 1547 he worked in Spain, being recorded in both Medina-del-Campo and Salamanca at various times during that period. He resided in Aix-en-Provence from 1539 to 1543, when he “transferred his attentions to Lyon”(Walsby 2300).
Baudrier attributed this edition to the press of Thibaud Payen on the basis of the title border and initials (of which several incorporate birds); however, he also cited it under Pierre de Sainte Lucie, stating that it was printed in the latter's types.
It includes a 5-page list by Antoine Arena of over 800 towns, villages, châteaux and other named places of Provence. The colophon is on fol. E2; the last quire, signed V, contains the Ordonnances et edict du Roy pour les cas royaulx appartenans aulx baillisz et seneschaulx… (drop-title); it is sometimes bound after other one of the other parts: cf. the Fairfax Murray copy, in which it is bound after the Ordonnances du treschrestien roy (no. I in our volume, but see final paragraph below).
Baudrier IV, 224; Gültlingen VII:15, 61. Index Aureliensis 106.983 (under Arena). Not in Brunet.
IV. Articles: Collation: A-D4 ; A4 . [16]; [4] leaves. Fols. A2r-A3r printed in roman type (poems by Arena). Woodcut of royal arms on title, full-page woodcut on title verso of St. Louis, four large historiated initials in text, of St. John, a sacrifice, the Annunciation to the Shepherds, and the Vision of St. Eustace, coat of arms of the Comte de Provence on A2v, repeated on verso of last leaf of the Arrest (the second quire "A").
First Edition. This was the second book published by Vas Cavallis, who worked in Aix from ca. 1540 to 1554 (Walsby 550). Two macaronic Latin poems by Antoine Arena (the St. Remy jurisconsult and poet) are included in the preliminary matter. Bound with it is the rare Arrest, an exposé of the corruption of the clergy, notaries and local tradesmen of Aix, including the town butcher.
Baudrier XII: 181-2; Gültlingen VII: 178, 41; Répertoire bibl. des livres imprimés en France au seizième siècle I: 22,2; Brunet II: 388-9.
Illustrating the bibliographical complexities of these composite volumes, the Fairfax Murray copy (Davies, Catalogue of Early French Books, no. 411) contained the same editions as ours with the exception of the first work: its imprint is the same ("Avignon: Jean de Channey, 1536"), but the title of the Fairfax Murray copy is differently typeset, and is printed within the same woodcut border as our no. III above, implying that his edition was in fact printed at Lyon by Thibaud Payen (assuming that Baudrier's attribution of that materiel is correct). As Davies noted, "although each part… has the appearance of a distinct and separate publication, it seems that they are sometimes found together bound in one volume, but not always in the same combination, and some of the parts being different editions from those in the present volume…." (Inventory #: 4377)
II. Ordonnãces Royaulx sur le faict de la Iustice & abbreuiation des proces par tout le Royaulme de France… faictes par le Roy nostre sire, Et publiees en la court de Parlement a Paris, le sixiesme iour du moys de Septembre Lan Mil D.XXXIX… Lyon: [?Pierre de Sainte-Lucie, dit Le Prince for] Thibaud Payen [and François Juste, after 10 August 1539].
III. Sensuyvent les Taux moderatiõs sallaires & emolum [n]s des greffiers du parlement… de Prouence. Avec les villes & chasteaulx de Prouence extraictes par maistre Anthoine Arena. [Lyon: (truncated) Pierre de Sainte-Lucie, called Le Prince and/or Thibaud Payen for] Dominique de Portunaire at Aix-en-Provence, 24 May 1540.
IV. Articles de lestil & instructions nouvellement faictz par la sovveraine Court de Parlement de Provence…… Avec plusieurs arrestz & lettres Royaulx de consequence en faveur de tout le bien public de Prouence. Lyon: [Pierre de Sainte-Lucie, called] Le Prince, for Vas Cavallis at Aix-en-Provence, 18 April 1542. [With:] Arrest par lequel est p[ro]hibe & defendu a tous Prelatz, Chapitres, Prieurs, Vicaires & administrateurs des Eglises de ne faire aulcunes exactions... [Lyon, 1543?].
4 volumes in one, small folio (251 x 171 mm). Bâtarde type (unless otherwise stated below), many woodcut ornamental and historiated initials in various sizes. (Dampstaining at beginning and end, occasional foxing or browning, a few small stains.) Bound in early 17th-century French flexible vellum over printer’s waste, front endleaf with bell watermark, signed P[ierre] Tenon (recorded in documents from Avignon, Nyons and Valence, 1620s and 1630s: cf. Briquet, II: p. 237). Provenance: contemporary signature “Hoteri,” with paraph, on first 3 titles and a few other leaves; contemporary and slightly later marginalia (a few cropped), occasional early underlinings; Helmut N. Friedlaender, bookplate.***
An important and very rare collection of early French laws and statutes, containing most or all of the Provençal laws issued during the reign of François I. Compelling in form as well as content, the book showcases the care lavished on practical Renaissance printing.
This collective volume contains all Provençal laws issued during the reign of François I. The comté of Provence was annexed to France in 1486, but continued to preserve its own separate administrative organization. In laws relating to the county the sovereigns added to their title of King of France that of count of Provence and Forcalquier. By publishing the extant Provençal laws under the royal aegis, while adding a few strategic reforms, François I reinforced his authority without offending local custom. Among his most famous reforms was the ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts (after the town where it was signed, on August 10th 1539), calling for clarity of communication in court, which was to be achieved by forbidding the use of Latin and mandating instead that French be the language of the law. This appears on fol. D3r of the second work, which brings together the most recent royal ordinances, passed since publication of the 1536 collected laws (establishing a terminus post quem for its publication date).
Most of the laws are devoted to the administration of justice: court procedure, charges, fines, and trial law, including regulations for the use of torture (allowed), but some cover the maintenance of roads and tolls, the gendarmerie, the Navy, local militias (legions), measures to prevent hoarding of wheat, and a reformation of the laws of Marseille.
Not only does the volume bring together important documents for the legal history of Provence, but it also sheds light on the book trade network that linked Lyons, Avignon and Aix. The Taux was the first book published in Aix-en-Provence.
Contents:
I. Ordonnances du treschrestien roy de France: Collation: A-T6 . 105, [9] leaves. Title printed in red & black within woodcut border composed of six blocks, woodcut initials in various sizes.
Second edition, first issue. The first edition, which is of the greatest rarity (and was unknown to Baudrier) was printed in Lyon by Denis de Harsy for Antoine Vincent in March 1535/1536. Jean de Channey reissued most of the sheets of the present second edition with a new title, colophon, and a few other sheets, in 1540 (cf. Baudrier X: 303). The Harvard catalogue describes their 1540 copy as having a new title, and leaves 6, 9, 14, 27 and 50 reset, but the colophon is also differently typeset. Channey printed in Lyon from 1505-1510, having married the widow of the printer Jacques Arnoullet, before moving to Avignon in 1511 (cf. Walsby, Booksellers and Printers in Provincial France 575).
Répertoire bibliographique des livres imprimés en France au seizième siècle, 29: 12, 50; Brunet II: 388.
II. Ordonnances Royaulx: Collation: A-G4. [28] leaves. Title in roman type with woodcut of royal arms, within architectural border with armorial shield of François Juste, woodcut initials.
One of several editions printed in various towns during the years 1539-40, probably shared by Thibaud Payen and Pierre de Sainte-Lucie: Baudrier assigned the printing materiel to Pierre de Sainte-Lucie. The printer’s device is that of François Juste.
Baudrier IV: 212-13 and XII: 178; Gültlingen VII:14, 51 (Payen) and VII:177, 36 (P. de Sainte-Lucie); Brunet IV: 216.
III. Taux: Collation: A-D4 E2; V4. [18]; [4] leaves. Title within 4-part woodcut architectural Renaissance border with putti, classical busts, etc., with the same woodcut arms of France as in no. II, and with a woodcut openwork initial S with stork.
First edition, and the first book published in Aix-en-Provence. The three-year royal privilege granted to Dominique de Portunaire, “Libraire habitant de nostre ville Aix,” who published in Lyon in the 1540s, is the only known contemporary source to cite his publishing activities in Aix. Portunaire or Portunariis was “from an Italian family ... that had settled in Lyon at the end of the fifteenth century.” He is recorded in Lyon in 1526, and from 1533 to 1547 he worked in Spain, being recorded in both Medina-del-Campo and Salamanca at various times during that period. He resided in Aix-en-Provence from 1539 to 1543, when he “transferred his attentions to Lyon”(Walsby 2300).
Baudrier attributed this edition to the press of Thibaud Payen on the basis of the title border and initials (of which several incorporate birds); however, he also cited it under Pierre de Sainte Lucie, stating that it was printed in the latter's types.
It includes a 5-page list by Antoine Arena of over 800 towns, villages, châteaux and other named places of Provence. The colophon is on fol. E2; the last quire, signed V, contains the Ordonnances et edict du Roy pour les cas royaulx appartenans aulx baillisz et seneschaulx… (drop-title); it is sometimes bound after other one of the other parts: cf. the Fairfax Murray copy, in which it is bound after the Ordonnances du treschrestien roy (no. I in our volume, but see final paragraph below).
Baudrier IV, 224; Gültlingen VII:15, 61. Index Aureliensis 106.983 (under Arena). Not in Brunet.
IV. Articles: Collation: A-D4 ; A4 . [16]; [4] leaves. Fols. A2r-A3r printed in roman type (poems by Arena). Woodcut of royal arms on title, full-page woodcut on title verso of St. Louis, four large historiated initials in text, of St. John, a sacrifice, the Annunciation to the Shepherds, and the Vision of St. Eustace, coat of arms of the Comte de Provence on A2v, repeated on verso of last leaf of the Arrest (the second quire "A").
First Edition. This was the second book published by Vas Cavallis, who worked in Aix from ca. 1540 to 1554 (Walsby 550). Two macaronic Latin poems by Antoine Arena (the St. Remy jurisconsult and poet) are included in the preliminary matter. Bound with it is the rare Arrest, an exposé of the corruption of the clergy, notaries and local tradesmen of Aix, including the town butcher.
Baudrier XII: 181-2; Gültlingen VII: 178, 41; Répertoire bibl. des livres imprimés en France au seizième siècle I: 22,2; Brunet II: 388-9.
Illustrating the bibliographical complexities of these composite volumes, the Fairfax Murray copy (Davies, Catalogue of Early French Books, no. 411) contained the same editions as ours with the exception of the first work: its imprint is the same ("Avignon: Jean de Channey, 1536"), but the title of the Fairfax Murray copy is differently typeset, and is printed within the same woodcut border as our no. III above, implying that his edition was in fact printed at Lyon by Thibaud Payen (assuming that Baudrier's attribution of that materiel is correct). As Davies noted, "although each part… has the appearance of a distinct and separate publication, it seems that they are sometimes found together bound in one volume, but not always in the same combination, and some of the parts being different editions from those in the present volume…." (Inventory #: 4377)