[Three offprints] [1]: "A Note on the Capture of Slow Neutrons in Hydrogenous Substance" [from] Physical Review, Vol. 51, Iss. 3.
1937 · [Minneapolis:
by LAMB, Willis E., Jr. (1913-2008).
[Minneapolis:: American Physical Society], 1937., 1937. Offprint. 8vo. 187-90 pp. Self-wrappers. Fine. [See below for the following]: [2]: "Passage of Uranium Fission Fragments Through Matter" [from] Physical Review, Vol. 58, No. 8. [Minneapolis: American Physical Society], 1940. [with] [3]: "The Propagation of Order in Crystal Lattices" [from] Physical Review, Vol. 64, Nos. 5 & 6. [Minneapolis: American Physical Society], 1943. [with:] "Passage of Uranium Fission Fragments Through Matter" [from] Physical Review, Vol. 58, No. 8. [Minneapolis: American (truncated) Physical Society], 1940. Offprint. 8vo. 696-702 pp. Original self-wrappers. Fine. [with:] LAMB, Willis E., Jr. (1913-2008). & J. ASHKIN. "The Propagation of Order in Crystal Lattices" [from] Physical Review, Vol. 64, Nos. 5 & 6. [Minneapolis: American Physical Society], 1943. Offprint. 8vo. 159-78 pp. Original green wrappers. Fine. Lamb attended the University of California at Berkeley for both his undergraduate and post-graduate studies. "For theoretical work on scattering of neutrons by a crystal, guided by J. Robert Oppenheimer, he received the Ph.D. in physics in 1938. Because of limited computational methods available at the time, this research narrowly missed revealing the Mossbauer Effect, 19 years before its recognition by Mossbauer" (Wikip.). "A Note on the Capture of Slow Neutrons. . . ," presented on November 9, 1936 and published in Physical Review in 1937, contributed to the first part of Lamb's thesis dissertation. The title of the dissertation was "I. On the capture of slow neutrons in hydrogenous substances. II. Electromagnetic properties of nuclear systems." "At Ann Arbor, I had heard Fermi lecture on the effect of chemical binding of a hydrogen atom on its scattering of slow neutrons. This interested me, and I began to work on related problems. It seemed that there might also be an effect of the binding of a hydrogen atom on the capture cross section for slow neutrons. At first I thought the effect would be large, but finally had to settle for a very rough estimate of the cross section for a very unlikely process: the radiationless capture of neutrons by bound protons to form deuterons, with the excess energy and momentum going into vibrational motion of the deuteron instead of a gamma ray. The normal capture process was very little affected by the chemical binding. Even today, this radiationless capture has never been seen, but I am still hoping that someday it may be. This work formed part of my doctoral thesis. The other part dealt with electromagnetic properties of nuclear matter" (Lamb, p. 136). "There is no greater tribute to Oppenheimer than the list of Ph.D.s he delivered, which includes Carlson, Christy, Dancoff, Kusaka, Lamb, Morrison, Snyder, and Volkoff" (Pais, p. 369). "Lamb was an American physicist who received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1955 for his precision measurements of details of the spectrum of hydrogen. These included studies of fine structure and measurements of the Lamb shift, a key observational step on the road to the development of the theory of quantum electrodynamics (p. 203). Gribbin, John. "Lamb, Willis Eugene, Jr. (1913-)." Q Is for Quantum: An Encyclopedia of Particle Physics. New York: Free Press, 1998; Lamb, Willis E., Jr. "Five Encounters with Felix Bloch." Rice University Studies. 66.3 (1980): 133-45; Pais, Abraham. Inward Bound: Of Matter and Forces in the Physical World. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.
LAMB, Willis E., Jr. (1913-2008). "Passage of Uranium Fission Fragments Through Matter" [from] Physical Review, Vol. 58, No. 8. [Minneapolis: American Physical Society], 1940. Offprint. 8vo. 696-702 pp. Original self-wrappers. Fine. "Early theoretical efforts on heavy-ion stopping date back to Bohr (1940) who pointed out the importance of screening due to projectile electrons in the slowing-down of fission fragments, and to Lamb (1940) and Knipp and Teller (1941) who studied the problem of charge equilibrium for penetrating heavy particles" (Sigmund, p. 19). Niels Bohr (1885-1962), the renowned Danish quantum and nuclear physicist, had been working in Copenhagen on determining how fission fragments penetrate matter simultaneously with Lamb's experiments. In a letter that he wrote to Tom Lauritsen, a contemporary physicist, Bohr mentions this article specifically, writing: "Just a few days ago I received a copy of Physical Review of October 15 which, as you may have seen, contains a paper of Lamb, who has independently achieved many of the results arrived at in Copenhagen. I thought, therefore, that it might be best to my last paper in the Physical Review to add a small addendum like that enclosed and I should be glad if you will kindly see that it is introduced in the proof. . . . In Lamb's article I also found various references to experimental investigations of fission fragments which we have overlooked or not yet known in Copenhagen" (Bohr et al., p. 239). At the conclusion of Bohr's paper, "Velocity-Range Relation for Fission Fragments," he writes, "Note added at proof.—After the present paper was sent from Copenhagen, we received here the issue of The Physical Review of October 15, 1940, which contains an article by W. E. Lamb on the passage of uranium fission fragments through matter. In main features the considerations of this article correspond to the arguments developed here and similar results are obtained" (Bohr, p. 275). Bohr, Niels. "Velocity-Range Relation for Fission Fragments." The Penetration of Charged Particles Through Matter (1912-1954). Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987. 270-75; Bohr, Niel, Jens Thorsen, and Erik Rudinger. The Penetration of Charged Particles Through Matter (1912-1954). New York: Elsevier, 1987; Sigmund, Peter. Stopping of Heavy Ions: A Theoretical Approach. 24. New York: Springer, 2004.
LAMB, Willis E., Jr. (1913-2008). & J. ASHKIN. "The Propagation of Order in Crystal Lattices" [from] Physical Review, Vol. 64, Nos. 5 & 6. [Minneapolis: American Physical Society], 1943. Offprint. 8vo. 159-78 pp. Original green wrappers. Fine. "The Ising model is a well-known model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics. . . . In 1944, L. Onsager produced, quite unexpectedly, an exact evaluation of the partition function of the model in two dimensions. It was a real tour de force" (Yang, p. 11). Lamb, Arnold Nordsieck, and others were all interested in the Onsager solution. "Out of this interest grew a Ph.D. dissertation by Julius Ashkin at Columbia, which contained an analysis, published by Ashkin and Lamb, of the low-temperature Ising model pair correlation function using the matrix approach" (Hoddeson, p. 533). This paper, "The Propagation of Order in Crystal Lattices," is that analysis. "The exact solution of the Ising model opened up the possibility of a rigorous formulation of other phase transition problems. While the Ising model was originally constructed to describe a ferromagnet, its physical applicability was extended later to entirely different physical systems. . . . In contrast to Kramers and Wannier, who in their 1941 paper refer to the 'Ising model of ferromagnetism,' Montroll was immediately concerned with treating mathematically all kinds of 'nearest neighbor systems' including not only ferromagnets but also binary alloys and hindered rotations. Ashkin and Lamb in 1943 likewise thought of binary alloys" (Hoddeson, p. 574). "Kramers and Wannier showed that there was a non-zero transition temperature for the Ising lattice. Moreover, they and Montroll showed that the partition function could be expressed as the trace of a matrix (the 'transfer matrix'). . . . Using Kramers and Wannier's tecnhiques, as well as ones developed with Mayer for the theory of imperfect gases, Montroll derived series solutions for the partition function for narrow strips of lattice. Again employing Kramers and Wannier's techniques, Ashkin and Lamb derived a series expansion for the propagation of order in the lattice, the result that Yang eventually uses to check his exact solution" (Krieger, pp. 99-100). Hoddeson, Lillian. Out of the Crystal Maze: Chapters from the History of Solid State Physics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992; Krieger, Martin H. Doing Mathematics: Convention, Subject, Calculation, Analogy. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific, 2003; Yang, Chen Ning. Selected Papers, 1945-1980, With Commentary. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific, 2005. (Inventory #: S11350)
LAMB, Willis E., Jr. (1913-2008). "Passage of Uranium Fission Fragments Through Matter" [from] Physical Review, Vol. 58, No. 8. [Minneapolis: American Physical Society], 1940. Offprint. 8vo. 696-702 pp. Original self-wrappers. Fine. "Early theoretical efforts on heavy-ion stopping date back to Bohr (1940) who pointed out the importance of screening due to projectile electrons in the slowing-down of fission fragments, and to Lamb (1940) and Knipp and Teller (1941) who studied the problem of charge equilibrium for penetrating heavy particles" (Sigmund, p. 19). Niels Bohr (1885-1962), the renowned Danish quantum and nuclear physicist, had been working in Copenhagen on determining how fission fragments penetrate matter simultaneously with Lamb's experiments. In a letter that he wrote to Tom Lauritsen, a contemporary physicist, Bohr mentions this article specifically, writing: "Just a few days ago I received a copy of Physical Review of October 15 which, as you may have seen, contains a paper of Lamb, who has independently achieved many of the results arrived at in Copenhagen. I thought, therefore, that it might be best to my last paper in the Physical Review to add a small addendum like that enclosed and I should be glad if you will kindly see that it is introduced in the proof. . . . In Lamb's article I also found various references to experimental investigations of fission fragments which we have overlooked or not yet known in Copenhagen" (Bohr et al., p. 239). At the conclusion of Bohr's paper, "Velocity-Range Relation for Fission Fragments," he writes, "Note added at proof.—After the present paper was sent from Copenhagen, we received here the issue of The Physical Review of October 15, 1940, which contains an article by W. E. Lamb on the passage of uranium fission fragments through matter. In main features the considerations of this article correspond to the arguments developed here and similar results are obtained" (Bohr, p. 275). Bohr, Niels. "Velocity-Range Relation for Fission Fragments." The Penetration of Charged Particles Through Matter (1912-1954). Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987. 270-75; Bohr, Niel, Jens Thorsen, and Erik Rudinger. The Penetration of Charged Particles Through Matter (1912-1954). New York: Elsevier, 1987; Sigmund, Peter. Stopping of Heavy Ions: A Theoretical Approach. 24. New York: Springer, 2004.
LAMB, Willis E., Jr. (1913-2008). & J. ASHKIN. "The Propagation of Order in Crystal Lattices" [from] Physical Review, Vol. 64, Nos. 5 & 6. [Minneapolis: American Physical Society], 1943. Offprint. 8vo. 159-78 pp. Original green wrappers. Fine. "The Ising model is a well-known model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics. . . . In 1944, L. Onsager produced, quite unexpectedly, an exact evaluation of the partition function of the model in two dimensions. It was a real tour de force" (Yang, p. 11). Lamb, Arnold Nordsieck, and others were all interested in the Onsager solution. "Out of this interest grew a Ph.D. dissertation by Julius Ashkin at Columbia, which contained an analysis, published by Ashkin and Lamb, of the low-temperature Ising model pair correlation function using the matrix approach" (Hoddeson, p. 533). This paper, "The Propagation of Order in Crystal Lattices," is that analysis. "The exact solution of the Ising model opened up the possibility of a rigorous formulation of other phase transition problems. While the Ising model was originally constructed to describe a ferromagnet, its physical applicability was extended later to entirely different physical systems. . . . In contrast to Kramers and Wannier, who in their 1941 paper refer to the 'Ising model of ferromagnetism,' Montroll was immediately concerned with treating mathematically all kinds of 'nearest neighbor systems' including not only ferromagnets but also binary alloys and hindered rotations. Ashkin and Lamb in 1943 likewise thought of binary alloys" (Hoddeson, p. 574). "Kramers and Wannier showed that there was a non-zero transition temperature for the Ising lattice. Moreover, they and Montroll showed that the partition function could be expressed as the trace of a matrix (the 'transfer matrix'). . . . Using Kramers and Wannier's tecnhiques, as well as ones developed with Mayer for the theory of imperfect gases, Montroll derived series solutions for the partition function for narrow strips of lattice. Again employing Kramers and Wannier's techniques, Ashkin and Lamb derived a series expansion for the propagation of order in the lattice, the result that Yang eventually uses to check his exact solution" (Krieger, pp. 99-100). Hoddeson, Lillian. Out of the Crystal Maze: Chapters from the History of Solid State Physics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992; Krieger, Martin H. Doing Mathematics: Convention, Subject, Calculation, Analogy. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific, 2003; Yang, Chen Ning. Selected Papers, 1945-1980, With Commentary. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific, 2005. (Inventory #: S11350)
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